Passage 2 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Allelomimetic behavior may be defined as behavior in which two or more individual animals do the same thing, with some degree of mutual simulation and coordination. It can only involve in species with sense organs that are well enough developed so that continuous sensory contact can be maintained. It is found primarily in vertebrate (脊椎动物),in those species that are diurnal, and usually in those that spend much of their lives in the air, in open water or on open plains.
In birds, is the rule rather than the exception, though it may occasionally be limited to particular seasons of the year as it is in the redwing blackbird. Its principal function is that of providing safety from predators（掠食者）, partly because the flock can rely on many pairs of eyes to watch for enemies, and partly because if one bird reacts to danger, the whole flock is warned.
Among mammals, is very rare in rodents (啮齿动物), which almost never move in flocks or herds. Even when they are artificially crowded together, they do not conform in their movements. On the other hand, such behavior is a major system among large hoofed mammals such as sheep.
In the pack-hunting carnivores（食肉类飞禽）, has another function that of cooperative hunting for large prey(被捕食者)animals such as moose. Wolves also defend their dens as a group against larger predators, such as bears.
Finally, is highly developed among most primate groups, where it has the principal function of providing warning against predators, though combined defensive behavior is also seen in troops of baboons (狒狒)。
26.The author implies that occurs most often among animals that____. A) prey on other animals B) are less intelligent than their enemies C) move in groups D) have one sense organ that dominates perception
27.Which of the following is most clearly an example of allelomimetic? A) Bears hunting for carnivores. B) Cattle fleeing from a fire. C) Horses running at a racetrack. D) Dogs working with police officers.
28.According to the passage the primary function of in bird is to______. A) defend nests against predators B) look at each other C) locate prey D) warn against predators
29.According to the passage, what happens to the behavior of rodents when they are artificially crowded together? A) Their increases. B) Continuous cooperation between them is maintained. C) They become aggressive and attack each other. D) They show little .
30.Which of the following groups of human beings would probably show the greatest amount of ? A) A group of students taking a test. B) Tennis players competing in a tournament . C) A patrol of soldiers scouting for the enemy. D) Drivers waiting for a traffic light to change.
Passage Two 短文大意：本文主要介绍了在动物界广泛存在的社会性行为——遗传模仿行为。它主要指两只或两只以上动物用带有一定的模仿和合作的方式进行同样的行为。在脊椎动物中，这一行为表现得最广泛，尤其见于那些主要生活在空中，水中或平原上的昼行性动物。而在鸟类中，遗传模仿行为几乎已成定律，它的主要功能是提防敌人。在哺乳动物中，这一行为少见于啮齿类，而常见于大型有蹄类、例如绵羊。在食肉类飞禽中，这一行为有另一功能——合作捕捉较大体型的猎物。而象狼之类的动物用它来防御大型敌人如熊的侵犯。而遗传模仿行为在大多数灵长类动物身上得到高度发展。在这里它的主要功能是提防敌人。 26. 【参考译文】作者暗示遗传性模仿行为大多发生____的动物身上。【试题分析】此题考查学生领会作者意图的能力。【详细解答】解答此题须先找到有关事实，然后认真领会方可找到答案。作者暗示遗传模仿行为大多发生在群体活动的动物身上。在文章第三段最后一句话中可以找到答案：On the other hand, such behavior is a major system among large hoofed mammals such as sheep.（另一方面，这种行为在长蹄的的大型哺乳动物如羊群等身上最为普遍。）羊群以群体活动为主，这种行为比其它哺乳动物更普遍，因此C为正确答案。A）掠食其它动物；B）不如自己的敌人聪明；D）有一个支配视力的感官。A）、B）和D）三项均不合题意。文中提到过猛禽在猎取prey animals(被掠食者)时也有这种的功能，但发生在它们身上的可能性远没有发生在被掠食动物身上的可能性大。 27. 【参考译文】下面各情况中，哪一种清楚地说明是一个遗传模仿的例子？【试题分析】此题考查根据内容进行推测的能力。【详细解答】在所给四个选择中B）能够说明问题，因为牲畜受到大火的威胁时，就产生一种自我保护本能，采取保护自己的行动，逃离火源，所以B）为正确答案。A）掠食肉类动物的熊，不合题意。熊是不是掠食食肉动物的动物，我们暂且不管它，但有一点是肯定的：熊不是allelomimetic之类的动物。C）在跑道上赛跑的马。马是驯服的动物，也没有allelomimetic功能。D）和警察一起工作的狗，狗是人类忠实朋友，和警察的合作非常密切，更不会有这种功能。 28. 【参考译文】根据短文，鸟类遗传模仿行为的主要功能是____。【试题分析】此题考查学生辨认某些事实的能力。【详细解答】根据短文，鸟类遗传模仿行为的主要功能是警惕掠食者。如果选A）保护鸟巢不受掠食者侵扰。主次颠倒，不合题意。主要功能是保护鸟类本身，而不是鸟巢。如果选B）相互对视，allelommelic behavior更没有这种功能，离题太远。如果选C）放置被捕食的动物，文不对题，极不可取。 29. 【参考译文】根据短文，如果人为地把啮齿类动物聚集在一起，它们会产生什么样的行为？【试题分析】此题考查学生认识文章某些细节的能力。【详细解答】此答案可在文章的第三段中找到。啮齿动物的遗传模仿行为很少见，如果人为地把它们聚在一起，它们的行为也不会保持一致。这说明，啮齿动物没有这种功能，所以D）为正确答案。A）它们的这种行为增加，显然和题意不符。B）它们之间继续保持合作状态。事实上是：they do not conform in their movement（行动不能保持一致）。C）它们变得好斗，并且相互攻击。这种情况是捏造的，不存在的。 30. 【参考译文】下面几种人哪一种有可能表现出最大的遗传模仿行为？【试题分析】此题考查学生根据内容进行合理推测的能力。【详细解答】有些动物包括人类在受到干扰或攻击时有一种自我保护意识和遗传模仿行为。根据文章内容，可以推断遗传模仿行为在动物中常用作自我保护。这样，我们就可进一步推测在人类中也类似。现在分析四个选项。A项参加考试的学生，B项参加比赛的运动员，C项侦察敌人的侦察兵，D项等待交通指标灯变换的司机。可看出，侦察兵在执行任务时，容易受到敌人的攻击，自我保护意识强，因而也最可能具有遗传模仿行为，所以C项最佳。
is the rule rather than the exception, though it may occasionally be limited to particular seasons of the year as it is in the redwing blackbird. Its principal function is that of providing safety from predators（掠食者）, partly because the flock can rely on many pairs of eyes to watch for enemies, and partly because if one bird reacts to danger, the whole flock is warned.
