Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Passage 1 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
When we think about the effect of the Copernican view of the world of literature, we are likely to slip into exaggeration. It is often said that the removal of the earth from its central place in a comfortably ordered system to the status of a minor planet in vaster space was fatal blow to man’s sense of his own dignity. This idea is philosophically foolish and historically false. Throughout the Middle Ages, even though man was considered the special child of God, the earth was regarded as the poorest part of creation. Copernicus was only looking for a simpler pattern of the heavens than Ptolemy’s and he found it. Despite the work of Kepler, Galileo, and the Elizabethan experts, moreover, it took well over a century for the theory to win full acceptance even among the learned.
As late as 1643, a hundred years after Copernicus’book, a scientist named Browne declared movement of the earth impossible. The reasons for delayed victory were natural. Many educated as well as uneducated men resisted contradiction of the senses and the Bible, or of Aristotle, Ptolemy, and all tradition. Many others were simply unaware or indifferent, as most of us in the twentieth century felt no acute concern over Einstein’s discoveries. In either case, few had the mathematical knowledge needed for confirmation or even comprehension of the theory; indeed, the knowledge needed to confirm Copernicus was not fully available until Newton.
21.The Copernican theory gained wide acceptance as a of____. A) Browne B) Kepler and Galileo C) Einstein D) Aristotle and Ptolemy
22.The author believes that the effect of the Copernican theory on literature______. A) has not often been considered B) resulted from man’s loss of dignity C) contradicted the senses D) can easily be overestimated
23.To understand the Copernican theory, one had to ____. A) understand mathematics B) view the universe as an ordered system C) have read the Bible D) accept the teaching of tradition
24.The author believes that the slow reception of Copernicus’ theory ____. A) was due to Browne B) was to be expected C) increased its influence D) has no historical parallels
25.Which of the following does the author say about “a simpler pattern of the heavens”? A) It was the object of Copernicus’ search. B) It became common to the thinking of the Middle Ages. C) It is considered to be philosophically foolish. D) It depended on the idea that man was the special child of God.
Passage One 短文大意：本文主要论述了哥白尼的理论是经过开普勒（Kepler）和伽利略（Galileo）以及伊丽沙白时代的专家们的努力推广，仍经历了一个多世纪的时间才能得到广泛的认可，说明了在中世纪时候，传统观念，传统理论，以及教会学说对当时人们大脑禁锢之深，也说明了甚至是在现代社会，要人们接受新的理论，新的思想之不易。 21. 【参考译文】因为____的努力工作，哥白尼理论才赢得广泛的接受。【试题分析】本题为语义测试题。【详细解答】Kepler and Galileo开普勒和伽利略是正确答案，文中的第一段提到Despite the work of Kepler, Galileo, and the Elizabethan experts, …to win full acceptance…(尽管开普勒、伽利略，以及伊丽莎白时代专家们的努力，……才赢得广泛的接受)因此我们可以知道在哥白尼的理论推广过程中，开普勒、伽利略是做了工作的，而答案A）、C）和D）均与题意不符。 22. 【参考译文】作者认为哥白尼理论对文学的影响____。【试题分析】本题为语义测试题。【详细解答】can easily be overestimated 很容易被过高估计，符合题意，因为文章一开头就提到：…we are likely to slip into exaggeration.（我们不自觉地就会夸张），而其余选项A）、B）和C）均与题意相差甚远。 23. 【参考译文】为了理解哥白尼理论，人们必须____。【试题分析】本题为语义测试题。【详细解答】understand mathematics 懂数学，是正确答案。从文章结尾可找到证据：…few had the mathematical knowledge needed for confirmation or even comprehension of the theory.（很少人具备必要的数学知识来印证甚至理解哥白尼的理论），选项B）、C）和D）均不符合题意。 24. 【参考译文】作者认为哥白尼理论迟迟得不到认可是____。【试题分析】本题考查对作者观点意图的理解。【详细解答】was to be expected是预料中的。文章第二段中提到Many educated as well as uneducated men resisted contradiction of…. Many others were simply unaware or indifferent…. （许多受过教育的人，以及一些未受过教育的人抵制一些矛盾…，其他的许多人，要么不知道，要么很冷漠…）由此可见，一切都是意料之中的，很自然的，而其余选预A）、C）和D）均不符合题意。 25. 【参考译文】作者把下列哪一种说成“天体的更简单的形式？”【试题分析】本题为语义测试题。【详细解答】It was the object of Copernicus’ search这正是哥白尼研究的对象，是正确答案。文章第一段提到“Copernicus was only looking for a simpler pattern of the heavens.”其中look for 的意思是“探求，寻找”，说明a simpler pattern of the heavens 正是哥白尼所要去研究的，剩下的选项B）、C）和D）均不符题意。
of____.
